soundscape is a word coined by Canadian composer, musicologist & environmentalist R. Murray Shafer at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver in response to urban noise pollution. His World Soundscape Project (WSP) evolved during the late 1960s and early 1970s as an educational and research group initially responding to Vancouver’s rapidly changing sonic environment. soundwalk Hildegard Westercamp who worked with WSP during its heyday defines a soundwalk as “any excursion whose main purpose is listening to the environment.” curiously this work still seems to refer and apply largely to urban environments.Landscape_10.html